Havana, the capital of Cuba, feels like time has stood still since the 1950s, with its retro streetscapes and colorful classic cars traversing the roads. Known as the ‘Pearl of the Caribbean,’ this city is packed with historical and romantic attractions, especially in its Old Havana district, which strongly retains the essence of Spanish colonial times.
This article highlights carefully selected spots that every visitor to Havana, from short-term tourists to those who wish to explore the city at a leisurely pace, absolutely must visit. Beyond mere historical explanations, we delve into the best times to visit, profound insights, and practical tips that travelers should know to navigate the city like a local.
Morro Castle
📍 Address: 5J2V+34X, Havana, Cuba
Perched at the entrance of Havana Bay, ‘Morro Castle’ (officially known as Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro) is a formidable fortress built in the late 16th century to protect the city from British and French pirates and foreign fleets. Designed by an Italian military engineer, it remains a crucial part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘Old Havana and its Fortifications,’ still gazing out over the rough waters of the Caribbean Sea.
While the interior of the fortress is open as a museum, displaying cannons and firearms from that era, the greatest highlight here is the ‘overwhelming panoramic view.’ From the high ground, you can gaze across to the opposite shore and enjoy a sweeping vista of Havana’s old and new cityscapes, along with the Malecón promenade winding along the coastline. However, many of these scenic viewpoints lack safety fences, and strong winds constantly blow in from the sea, so extreme caution is advised to avoid slipping and falling while engrossed in taking photos.
To reach Morro Castle from Old Havana, you’ll need to pass through an underwater tunnel, making a taxi the primary mode of transport. Chartering a classic car taxi is a popular choice, and many friendly drivers will negotiate a round-trip fare and wait in the parking lot until your visit is complete. Be aware that admission fees differ for foreigners and Cubans, and serious photography inside may require an additional optional fee (extra ticket), so it’s wise to have some small change handy.
Havana Cathedral
📍 Address: 156 Empedrado, La Habana, Cuba
The ‘Havana Cathedral’ (officially known as Catedral de San Cristóbal) is a highlight of Old Havana and the centerpiece of Cathedral Square. Completed in the late 18th century, this cathedral is hailed as the supreme masterpiece of Cuban Baroque architecture, boasting a solemn beauty so profound it’s been described as ‘music turned into stone.’
A profound detail to fully appreciate this cathedral lies in its exterior walls. The entire building is constructed from ‘coral stone’ quarried from the Gulf of Mexico, and if you look closely at the walls, you’ll discover seashells and marine fossils embedded throughout. This unique building material, directly connected to the sea, imbues the cathedral with a warmth characteristic of the Caribbean. Another distinctive feature is the asymmetrical construction of its two bell towers, said to be a meticulously calculated design to allow rainwater to drain smoothly from the square.
In contrast to its opulent exterior, the interior presents a serene Neoclassical space. Historically, the remains of Christopher Columbus were once interred here for approximately 100 years (now transferred to Seville Cathedral in Spain). Admission is free, but as it remains a sacred place of worship, visitors should dress appropriately, covering shoulders and knees.
The best time to visit is ‘late afternoon,’ when the warm western sun beautifully illuminates the curves of the facade. Even after sunset, the restaurants around the square are lit up, creating a highly romantic atmosphere. The square is often graced by women in colorful traditional attire, creating an iconic Havana scene; if you wish to take a photo with them, it is customary to offer a small tip.
El Capitolio
📍 Address: 66 Cienfuegos, La Habana 10200, Cuba
Commanding a striking presence near the boundary of Old and New Havana is ‘El Capitolio’ (the former National Capitol Building). Modeled after the U.S. Federal Capitol Building and constructed in the 1920s, its massive 92-meter-high dome is a beloved landmark for both citizens and tourists. After the revolution, it ceased its role as a parliament building and underwent extensive restoration work. Today, its opulent interior can be explored as a museum.
If you’re fortunate enough to enter on a day when it’s open for visits, do not miss the colossal ‘Statue of the Republic (La Estatua de la República)’ presiding in the main hall. Standing approximately 15 meters tall and weighing tens of tons, this bronze statue is entirely covered in 22-karat gold leaf. It is said to be the third-largest indoor statue in the world, after Japan’s Great Buddha of Nara and Washington D.C.’s Lincoln Memorial statue, and its sheer scale is truly breathtaking.
At night, it is magnificently illuminated, revealing a completely different, fantastical appearance compared to daytime. However, numerous classic car taxi hawkers targeting tourists gather around El Capitolio. Some drivers may demand exorbitant prices, so it is wise to avoid using taxis carelessly in this area if you are unsure of the fair price or lack confidence in tough negotiations in Spanish.
Local Tips for a More Enjoyable Havana Experience
To make your sightseeing in Havana smooth and meaningful, it’s crucial to understand the unique local customs and atmosphere. While the Old Havana area, where most attractions are concentrated, is generally walkable, strong sunlight shines down during the day, so don’t forget to prepare a hat and ensure adequate hydration.
Furthermore, Cuba has a deeply rooted ‘tipping culture.’ A small tip (propina) is expected not only for restaurant meals and hotel cleaning but also when photographing cheerful people in traditional attire in the square, or taking special photos within tourist facilities like Morro Castle. To avoid trouble and ensure a pleasant experience for everyone, it’s smart for travelers to always keep some small change in their pockets.
Moreover, when using a taxi, it is absolutely essential to state your destination and ‘confirm the fare’ before getting in. Especially when boarding from prime locations like El Capitolio or Cathedral Square, the initial quoted price is often set high. Having the flexibility to negotiate firmly but with a smile will make your stay in Havana even more memorable.
